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The Kelteminar culture (5500–3500 BCE)〔Lamberg-Karlovsky, CC (1994), "The Bronze Age khanates of Central Asia" (ANTIQUITY-OXFORD)〕 was a Neolithic archaeological culture of sedentary fishermen occupying the semi-desert and desert areas of the Karakum and Kyzyl Kum deserts and the deltas of the Amu Darya and Zeravshan rivers〔Whitney Coolidge, Jennifer. 2005. Southern Turkmenistan in the Neolithic: A Petrographic Case Study. Oxbow Books.〕 in the territories of ancient Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, dated to the 6th-3rd millennium BCE.〔() 〕 The culture was discovered and first excavated in 1939 by the ''USSR Chorasmian Archaeological and Ethnographic Expedition'' under leadership of S.P. Tolstoy, who first described it. It is named after a site of the same name. The Kelteminar culture was replaced by the Tazabagyab culture. The Kelteminar people practised a mobile hunting, gathering and fishing subsistence system. Over time, they adopted stockbreeding. With the Late Glacial warming, up to the Atlantic Phase of the Post-Glacial Optimum, Mesolithic groups moved north into this area from the Hissar (6000–4000 BCE). These groups brought with them the bow and arrow and the dog, elements of what Kent Flannery〔F Hole, KV Flannery, JA Neely (1969)"Prehistory and human ecology of the Deh Luran plain: an early village sequence from Khuzistan, Iran", (University of Michigan)〕 has called the "broad-spectrum revolution".〔Weiss,E., W. Wetterstrom, D. Nadel, and O. Bar-Yosef, "The broad spectrum revisited: Evidence from plant remains" (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004 101:9551-9555)〕 Scientists hold that Kelteminar culture is related to the Pit–Comb Ware culture and belongs to the Finno-Ugric peoples.〔Yablonsky L.T. ''Kelteminar craniology. Intra-group analysis''//Soviet Ethnography, Moscow, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1985, No 2. pp. 127-140〕 The Kelteminar culture is cited as an argument against existence of an Indo-European ancestral homeland in Central Asia. The Kelteminar people lived in huge houses (size 24m x 17m and height 10m), which housed the whole tribal community of about 100-120 people. They adorned themselves with beads made of shells. They manufactured stone axes and miniature trapezoidal flint arrowheads. For cooking, they used clay vessels produced without the potter's wheel. The Kelteminar economy was based on sedentary fishing and hunting. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kelteminar culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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